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General
Study points to why Bariatric Surgery has such lasting effects - it's all about the fat cells.
posted by Admin User at 2016-07-18 09:31:00
A study published in Obesity Reviews has declared that bariatric surgery is linked to an improvement in adipose (fat) tissue function. It has been long known that fat cells contained in adipose tissue play a role in metabolic and hormonal functions, and now there is evidence that some of the improvement seen in adipose tissue function after bariatric surgery is independent from just the weight loss alone.
Henriette Frikke-Schmidt, Ph.D., from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and her colleagues published their findings in the June 8th edition of the online journal, Obesity Reviews.
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective method for weight loss and has been proven to improve insulin sensitivity and whole body metabolic function. The research aimed to study any effect of weight loss surgery on the physiology of adipose tissue which contributes to the metabolic function of some of these procedures.
The researchers found that the alteration in adipose tissue functions leads to a change in specific elements of various fat deposits, the function of individual adipocytes, and the interaction between adipose tissue and other metabolic tissues. Aside from a large loss in fat matter in patients who have gone through bariatric surgery, the fat distribution shifts from visceral to the subcutaneous compartment which triggers an improvement in metabolism.
Additionally, changes were noticed in lipolysis (fat breakdown), adipokine (cell-signaling hormone) secretion and inflammation. Improvement in sensitivity towards lipolysis, controlled by insulin and catecholamines, was observed. Adipokine secretion is altered, and there is a decrease in local adipose inflammation and systemic inflammatory markers. All of these changes might help contribute to the lasting effect that bariatric surgery tends to have on weight loss, vs diet/medications/exercise.
Not all of these changes can be attributed to just the weight loss alone as some of these changes were found to be independent of the actual weight loss. Possible causes for these effects includes changes in bile acid metabolism, gut microbiota and central regulation of metabolism.
"In conclusion, bariatric surgery is capable of improving aspects of adipose tissue function and do so in some cases in ways that are not entirely explained by the potent effect of surgery," the authors wrote in the summary of the research.
